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Introduction:-   The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament is a  ligaments made of group of bands of retinacular tissues that is an hour shaped ligament. This ligament play an important role and stabilization and support to the medial aspect of the Patella bone. Most importantly it acts during the early stages of knee flexion, it is the critical component in patellar tracking and its stability that is within the trochlear groove. Attachments:-  This ligament is located in the second layer of the three soft tissue layer that is within the medial aspect of the knee. It originates from the shape that is running between the adductor tubercle, that is superior to superficial medial collateral ligament. There is a broad insertion of the MPFL onto the superomedial aspect of Patella that is (20-30mm). There is proximal insertion that extends to quadricep tendon and the distal insertion crosses deep to distal vastus medialis obliques which has average length of 56mm. How the medial patellofemoral lig

INTRODUCTION - Osteoporosis is one of the most commonest metabolic diseases of the bone which is seen in human beings, generally osteoporosis is characterized by a diffused reduction in the bone density that is due to the decrease in the bone mass. Osteoporosis basically happens when the rate of bone reception exceeds the rate of formation of the bones. Osteoporosis is the reduction of bone tissue density that can increase the chances of its suspectibility to fracture and dislocations, the most common technique or scam that indicate when osteoporosis is present is the bone mineral  density examination or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.  Classification of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis can be further classified into 1) Primary and the rare forms of osteoporosis- the first one is primary or involutional osteoporosis in which the underline cause can't be identified,  2) secondary osteoporosis - the second one is  in which the underline cause is known, general causes of secondary osteo

Calf pain is one of the most common conditions in early 40's, calf pain generally result from muscles sprain / due to muscular cramps or by occurrence of any other conditions like sciatica. The treatment of this condition depends on the causes. Calf muscles generally comprises of two muscles that is the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscle generally meet at the Achilles tendon, that is directly attached to the heel. Calf pain varies from person to person, that depends upon the source of pain and the type of pain, certain type of pain that can affect the outcome of the condition feels like dull pain, sharp pain, continuous pain, radiating pain, aching pain in the back of lower leg along with the tightness of the calf muscles. Basic symptoms that can indicate towards the  condition are-  Swelling over the calf muscles Unusual coolness or pale yellow color in calf Numbness or tingling sensation over the muscles Redness on the calf muscles Fluid retention from the site of pain Te